His current research interests focus on proposing a model of associative learning based on variations of attention. Attention is suggested to be a determinant variable, not only during acquisition of the associative strength between two events, but also at the moment of test. A paper presenting this model is currently in preparation in collaboration with Mikael Molet (University of Lille) and Ralph Miller (S.U.N.Y. Binghampton). The model is called A.A.P.V. (Attention as an Acquisition and Performance Variable) and can be simulated using two main equations. A simulator has been programmed in Python and is available on one of the links. Another recent research interest (again in collaboration with Molet and Miller) was to introduce a technique allowing the study of associative strength between two events in humans paper submitted). Participants had to learn which cues were paired with a specific outcome. The reaction time (RT) to indicate if ‘yes’ or ‘no’ a cue predicted the outcome was measured and a rule combining in one single measure RT and type of response given (i.e., ‘yes’ or ‘no’) was introduced. We tested the rule using well established Pavlovian preparations such as overshadowing, blocking and the summation tests, to test if the results transformed with our rule were correlated with the expected levels of associative strength in the different Pavlovian conditions.
2016
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1. | Mikael, Molet; Thierry, Kosinski; Paul, Craddock; Gonzalo, Miguez; Mash Lisa E. and, Miller Ralph R Attenuating social affective learning effects with Memory Suppression manipulations Article de journal Dans: Acta Psychologica, (164), p. 136–143, 2016. Résumé | Liens | BibTeX @article{Molet2016,
title = {Attenuating social affective learning effects with Memory Suppression manipulations},
author = {Molet Mikael and Kosinski Thierry and Craddock Paul and Miguez Gonzalo and Mash Lisa E. and, Miller Ralph R.},
doi = {doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.01.001},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-01},
journal = {Acta Psychologica},
number = {164},
pages = {136--143},
abstract = {People can form opinions of other individuals based on information about their good or bad behavior. The present study investigated whether this affective learning might depend on memory links formed between initially neutral people and valenced information. First, participants viewed neutral faces paired with sentences describing prosocial or antisocial behaviors. Second, memory suppression manipulations with the potential to aid in the forgetting of valenced information were administered. Using the Think/No think paradigm, the effectiveness of four different suppression instructions was compared: Unguided Suppression, Guided Suppression, Distraction, and Thought Substitution. Overall, all the tasks appreciably reduced affective learning based on prosocial information, but only the Guided Suppression and Thought Substitution tasks reduced affective learning based on antisocial information. These results suggest that weakening the putative memory link between initially neutral people and valenced information can decrease the effect of learned associations on the evaluation of other people. We interpreted this as indicative that social affective learning may rely on declarative memories.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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People can form opinions of other individuals based on information about their good or bad behavior. The present study investigated whether this affective learning might depend on memory links formed between initially neutral people and valenced information. First, participants viewed neutral faces paired with sentences describing prosocial or antisocial behaviors. Second, memory suppression manipulations with the potential to aid in the forgetting of valenced information were administered. Using the Think/No think paradigm, the effectiveness of four different suppression instructions was compared: Unguided Suppression, Guided Suppression, Distraction, and Thought Substitution. Overall, all the tasks appreciably reduced affective learning based on prosocial information, but only the Guided Suppression and Thought Substitution tasks reduced affective learning based on antisocial information. These results suggest that weakening the putative memory link between initially neutral people and valenced information can decrease the effect of learned associations on the evaluation of other people. We interpreted this as indicative that social affective learning may rely on declarative memories. |
2015
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2. | Kosinski, T; Molet, M; Craddock, P; Miguez, G; Mash, L; Miller, R Attenuating Evaluative Conditioning Effects by Reducing Memory for CSs-USs Associations. Inproceedings Dans: on Learning, Summer School Emotional; in Health, Memory; Psychopathology, Leuven (Belgique). (Ed.): 2015. BibTeX @inproceedings{kosinski_attenuating_2015,
title = {Attenuating Evaluative Conditioning Effects by Reducing Memory for CSs-USs Associations.},
author = {T Kosinski and M Molet and P Craddock and G Miguez and L Mash and R Miller},
editor = {Summer School on Emotional Learning and Memory in Health and Psychopathology, Leuven (Belgique).},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
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3. | Molet, Mikael; Craddock, Paul; Grassart, Alexis An application of Heider's P–O–X balance model to change evaluative conditioning effects Article de journal Dans: Learning and Motivation, 51 , p. 43 – 49, 2015, ISSN: 0023-9690. Résumé | Liens | BibTeX @article{molet_application_2015,
title = {An application of Heider's P–O–X balance model to change evaluative conditioning effects},
author = {Mikael Molet and Paul Craddock and Alexis Grassart},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023969015000338},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2015.04.001},
issn = {0023-9690},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Learning and Motivation},
volume = {51},
pages = {43 -- 49},
abstract = {Abstract This study employed the P–O–X balance model within an evaluative conditioning (EC) paradigm as a strategy to change EC effects. First, participants viewed other people (CSs) paired with sentences describing valenced behaviors (USs) intermixed with products (CSs) paired with affective pictures (USs). Second, we created triadic relationships by informing the participants that each CSPerson (dis)liked a particular CSProduct; half the participants experienced either balanced or unbalanced relationships. Results showed that CSs were rated more positively after being paired with pleasant USs than unpleasant USs; more importantly, CSsProduct evaluations were reversed after the establishment of unbalanced triadic relationships (i.e., CSsProduct paired with pleasant USs were evaluated less positively and CSsProduct paired with unpleasant USs were evaluated more positively). This finding suggested that participants restored a position of balance when the conditioned evaluative responses were conflicted.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abstract This study employed the P–O–X balance model within an evaluative conditioning (EC) paradigm as a strategy to change EC effects. First, participants viewed other people (CSs) paired with sentences describing valenced behaviors (USs) intermixed with products (CSs) paired with affective pictures (USs). Second, we created triadic relationships by informing the participants that each CSPerson (dis)liked a particular CSProduct; half the participants experienced either balanced or unbalanced relationships. Results showed that CSs were rated more positively after being paired with pleasant USs than unpleasant USs; more importantly, CSsProduct evaluations were reversed after the establishment of unbalanced triadic relationships (i.e., CSsProduct paired with pleasant USs were evaluated less positively and CSsProduct paired with unpleasant USs were evaluated more positively). This finding suggested that participants restored a position of balance when the conditioned evaluative responses were conflicted. |
2014
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4. | Kosinski, T; Chafi, A; Rusinek, S; Craddock, P; Molet, M The impact of motion on the likeability of a stimulus. Inproceedings Dans: Consortium of European Research on Emotion Conference (CERE), Berlin (Allemagne). (Ed.): 2014. BibTeX @inproceedings{kosinski_impact_2014,
title = {The impact of motion on the likeability of a stimulus.},
author = {T Kosinski and A Chafi and S Rusinek and P Craddock and M Molet},
editor = {Consortium of European Research on Emotion Conference (CERE), Berlin (Allemagne).},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-04-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
5. | Craddock, Paul; Miller, Ralph R Attention as an acquisition and performance variable (AAPV) Article de journal Dans: Learn Behav, 42 (2), p. 105–122, 2014, ISSN: 1543-4494, 1543-4508. Résumé | Liens | BibTeX @article{craddock_attention_2014,
title = {Attention as an acquisition and performance variable (AAPV)},
author = {Paul Craddock and Ralph R Miller},
url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13420-013-0131-9},
doi = {10.3758/s13420-013-0131-9},
issn = {1543-4494, 1543-4508},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2015-03-30},
journal = {Learn Behav},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {105--122},
abstract = {This article introduces a new model of Pavlovian conditioning, attention as an acquisition and performance variable (AAPV), which, like several other so-called attentional models, emphasizes the role of variation of cue salience, together with associative strength, in accounting for conditioning phenomena. AAPV is primarily (but not exclusively) a performance-focused model in that it assumes not only that both the saliences and associative strengths of cue representations change during acquisition, but also that they are both influential at the time of test in determining responding. Different weights are given to the representations’ associative strengths according to the representations’ respective saliences at test. The model also treats the representation of a stimulus that is directly activated by presentation of that stimulus as distinct from the representation of the same stimulus that is activated by presenting a companion of the stimulus. Additionally, extinction is viewed as resulting from a decrease in the salience of the cue’s representation, rather than a decrease in associative strength. Simulations of several Pavlovian phenomena are presented in order to illustrate the model and assess its robustness.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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This article introduces a new model of Pavlovian conditioning, attention as an acquisition and performance variable (AAPV), which, like several other so-called attentional models, emphasizes the role of variation of cue salience, together with associative strength, in accounting for conditioning phenomena. AAPV is primarily (but not exclusively) a performance-focused model in that it assumes not only that both the saliences and associative strengths of cue representations change during acquisition, but also that they are both influential at the time of test in determining responding. Different weights are given to the representations’ associative strengths according to the representations’ respective saliences at test. The model also treats the representation of a stimulus that is directly activated by presentation of that stimulus as distinct from the representation of the same stimulus that is activated by presenting a companion of the stimulus. Additionally, extinction is viewed as resulting from a decrease in the salience of the cue’s representation, rather than a decrease in associative strength. Simulations of several Pavlovian phenomena are presented in order to illustrate the model and assess its robustness. |
6. | Craddock, Paul; Renaux, Charlotte; Lefèvre, Françoise; Nelson, James Byron; Molet, Mikael Integration of multiple memories in sensory preconditioning Article de journal Dans: Behavioural Processes, 108 , p. 94 – 97, 2014, ISSN: 0376-6357. Résumé | Liens | BibTeX @article{craddock_integration_2014,
title = {Integration of multiple memories in sensory preconditioning},
author = {Paul Craddock and Charlotte Renaux and Françoise Lefèvre and James Byron Nelson and Mikael Molet},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635714002393},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2014.09.034},
issn = {0376-6357},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Behavioural Processes},
volume = {108},
pages = {94 -- 97},
abstract = {Abstract The present study demonstrates that humans’ response to a single stimulus (S1) is determined by what follows S1's associates. The experiment used a sensory preconditioning (SPC) design where S1 was associated with both S2 and S3 on separate trials before establishing relationships between these latter stimuli with an outcome or its absence in a second phase. When S2 and S3 were associated with the same consequence, either an outcome or its absence, strong consequence-based responding to S1 was observed in a reaction time test. Participants responded quickly to indicate that the outcome was, or was not, predicted by S1. When S2 predicted the outcome and S3 did not, SPC was weaker although participants were not slower to respond to S1. Implications on the understanding of the mechanisms that allow for the response to S1 to emerge are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abstract The present study demonstrates that humans’ response to a single stimulus (S1) is determined by what follows S1's associates. The experiment used a sensory preconditioning (SPC) design where S1 was associated with both S2 and S3 on separate trials before establishing relationships between these latter stimuli with an outcome or its absence in a second phase. When S2 and S3 were associated with the same consequence, either an outcome or its absence, strong consequence-based responding to S1 was observed in a reaction time test. Participants responded quickly to indicate that the outcome was, or was not, predicted by S1. When S2 predicted the outcome and S3 did not, SPC was weaker although participants were not slower to respond to S1. Implications on the understanding of the mechanisms that allow for the response to S1 to emerge are discussed. |
2013
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7. | Miller, R; Molet, M; Miguez, G; Mash, L; Craddock, P; Kosinski, T Attenuating Evaluative Conditioning : A Theoretical Issue With Clinical Implications. Inproceedings Dans: Congrès annuel de Psychonomic Society, Toronto (Canada). (Ed.): 2013. BibTeX @inproceedings{miller_attenuating_2013,
title = {Attenuating Evaluative Conditioning : A Theoretical Issue With Clinical Implications.},
author = {R Miller and M Molet and G Miguez and L Mash and P Craddock and T Kosinski},
editor = {Congrès annuel de Psychonomic Society, Toronto (Canada).},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-08-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
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8. | Bouchekioua, Youcef; Miller, Holly C; Craddock, Paul; Blaisdell, Aaron P; Molet, Mikael Spatial integration of boundaries in a 3D virtual environment Article de journal Dans: Acta Psychologica, 144 (2), p. 316 – 323, 2013, ISSN: 0001-6918. Résumé | Liens | BibTeX @article{bouchekioua_spatial_2013,
title = {Spatial integration of boundaries in a 3D virtual environment},
author = {Youcef Bouchekioua and Holly C Miller and Paul Craddock and Aaron P Blaisdell and Mikael Molet},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691813001480},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.06.015},
issn = {0001-6918},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Acta Psychologica},
volume = {144},
number = {2},
pages = {316 -- 323},
abstract = {Abstract Prior research, using two- and three-dimensional environments, has found that when both human and nonhuman animals independently acquire two associations between landmarks with a common landmark (e.g., LM1–LM2 and LM2–LM3), each with its own spatial relationship, they behave as if the two unique LMs have a known spatial relationship despite their never having been paired. Seemingly, they have integrated the two associations to create a third association with its own spatial relationship (LM1–LM3). Using sensory preconditioning (Experiment 1) and second-order conditioning (Experiment 2) procedures, we found that human participants integrated information about the boundaries of pathways to locate a goal within a three-dimensional virtual environment in the absence of any relevant landmarks. Spatial integration depended on the participant experiencing a common boundary feature with which to link the pathways. These results suggest that the principles of associative learning also apply to the boundaries of an environment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abstract Prior research, using two- and three-dimensional environments, has found that when both human and nonhuman animals independently acquire two associations between landmarks with a common landmark (e.g., LM1–LM2 and LM2–LM3), each with its own spatial relationship, they behave as if the two unique LMs have a known spatial relationship despite their never having been paired. Seemingly, they have integrated the two associations to create a third association with its own spatial relationship (LM1–LM3). Using sensory preconditioning (Experiment 1) and second-order conditioning (Experiment 2) procedures, we found that human participants integrated information about the boundaries of pathways to locate a goal within a three-dimensional virtual environment in the absence of any relevant landmarks. Spatial integration depended on the participant experiencing a common boundary feature with which to link the pathways. These results suggest that the principles of associative learning also apply to the boundaries of an environment. |
2012
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9. | Craddock, Paul; Molet, Mikael; Miller, Ralph R Reaction time as a measure of human associative learning Article de journal Dans: Behavioural processes, 90 (2), p. 189–197, 2012. Liens | BibTeX @article{craddock_reaction_2012,
title = {Reaction time as a measure of human associative learning},
author = {Paul Craddock and Mikael Molet and Ralph R Miller},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635712000198},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
urldate = {2015-02-21},
journal = {Behavioural processes},
volume = {90},
number = {2},
pages = {189--197},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2010
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10. | Bouchekioua, Youcef; Molet, Mikaël; Craddock, Paul Tolman et le Conditionnement Pavlovien Article de journal Dans: Acta Comportamentalia, 18 (2), p. 243–255, 2010. Liens | BibTeX @article{bouchekioua_tolman_2010,
title = {Tolman et le Conditionnement Pavlovien},
author = {Youcef Bouchekioua and Mikaël Molet and Paul Craddock},
url = {http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?pid=S0188-81452010000200004&script=sci_arttext},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
urldate = {2015-02-22},
journal = {Acta Comportamentalia},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {243--255},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2009
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11. | Molet, Mikaël; Craddock, Paul; Leconte, Claire; Zentall, Thomas Pour une approche cognitive du conditionnement pavlovien Article de journal Dans: Année psychologique, 109 (2), p. 333, 2009. Liens | BibTeX @article{molet_pour_2009,
title = {Pour une approche cognitive du conditionnement pavlovien},
author = {Mikaël Molet and Paul Craddock and Claire Leconte and Thomas Zentall},
url = {http://www.necplus.eu/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=2425444&jid=APY&volumeId=109&issueId=02&aid=2425436},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
urldate = {2015-02-22},
journal = {Année psychologique},
volume = {109},
number = {2},
pages = {333},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2008
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12. | Zentall, T R; Craddock, P; Molet, M Apprentissage de concepts perceptuels, associationnels et relationnels chez le pigeon Article de journal Dans: Psychologie Française, 53 (3), p. 411–436, 2008. Liens | BibTeX @article{zentall_apprentissage_2008,
title = {Apprentissage de concepts perceptuels, associationnels et relationnels chez le pigeon},
author = {T R Zentall and P Craddock and M Molet},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033298408000253},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
urldate = {2015-02-22},
journal = {Psychologie Française},
volume = {53},
number = {3},
pages = {411--436},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|